Soil is the main source of a fertile garden, wealthy yield and healthy life. Maintaining the fertility of the soil is a bit difficult work and can be taken as a challenge for the gardeners and agriculturalists.
Fertile, deep, friable, well-drained soil is necessary for a successful garden. The soil which is well drained and well supplied with organic matter gives a good yield. The soil retentive of moisture and reasonably free of stones is what the garden is exactly in need of.
The soil that is properly prepared becomes a desirable medium for growth and development of root. This would help the roots for better and rapid absorption of water and air. Preparing the garden for planting depend on the type and the location of soil. In general, garden soils should be cover-cropped during the winter to control erosion and to add organic matter.
Good soil for growing vegetables must be protected by proper cultivation, use of organic matter, maintenance of soil fertility, and control of plant pests. Properly prepared soil provides a desirable medium for root development, absorbs water and air rapidly, and usually does not crust badly.
Tillage is required to control weeds, mix mulch or crop residues into the soil. It alters soil structure. Avoiding unnecessary tillage is recommended as it increases crusting on the soil surface and compact the soil.
Fertility requirements differ between long and short growing seasons and among soil types. In almost every State, the Extension Service will test soils and provide fertilizer recommendations. Crops that are resistant to the pests can be planted in the area.
Fencing the garden is also recommended for good yield. Moreover it is useful for the plants that need support. This serves as a trellis for beans, peas, tomatoes, and other crops. It prevents the plants from dogs, rabbits and other animals.
The garden exposed to sufficient sunlight gets much production. Providing fertilizers and organic matters to the garden adds good profit.